God And Christian Life Essays - Christian Soteriology,

God And Christian Life A sound, dynamic, developing and glad Christian life requires an ordinary daily schedule of fellowship with God through petition, study His Word, and in Christian assistance to humanity. Like eating, dozing, and working out, it requests every day consideration. What's more, similar to our bodies, our otherworldly life rapidly shrinks and kicks the bucket without profound food. I. Discussing Your Mind with Him The narrative of Enoch is a incredible case of a man who invested a lot of energy in petition and fellowship with God. In certainty He kept his psyche on top of God in each regard of his day by day living?in thought, in word and in deed. To him petition was as the breath of the spirit; he lived in the very climate of paradise. Since he lived so near God, he was meant paradise without seeing passing. How might we accomplish in our person life a similar blessedness that described his, an express that will empower God to place us among the 144,000, to seal us, and to take us home with him without seeing passing? Companions, just Time Alone With God will give us the experience of Enoch. The followers had buckled down satisfying Christ's responsibility. Yet, presently after their arrival from their minister venture. He welcomed them to resign to a calm spot with Him. They expected to appreciate a little rest as well as a time of close fellowship with the Savior. What's more, he said unto them, Come ye yourselves separated into a desert spot, and rest some time (Mark 6:31). In the close and private setting with the future witnesses, Jesus could convey uninhibitedly with them, right their mix-ups, energize them, reinforce them for the incredible assignment they were soon to do. As did the supporters, we also require the invigorating organization of the wellspring of all force, solace, and intelligence. Each kid of God indispensably needs valuable snapshots of private fellowship with Him. In our rushes and stresses of life, even in crafted by God, each Christian must have time committed to his private dedications. The Master's caring rebuke to the occupied and concerned Martha likewise represents this point. Martha, Martha, thou workmanship cautious and pained about numerous things: yet one thing is needful: and Mary hath picked that great part, which will not be detracted from her (Luke 10:41,42) Every one of us needs that great part, which will not be taken away?to sit discreetly at the feet of Jesus, similar to Mary, and collective with Him. Be that as it may, the time factor is critical. As Enoch went through hours alone with God, we have to commit enough time with Him. We live during a time of rush. Numerous voices require our consideration. What's more, we attempt to do everything quickly. Our gatherings, our introductions, our articles, our meetings, are short. Be that as it may, one thing still requires some investment, even in our day. To build up an affection relationship we should contribute time. The youngster who goes gaga for a young lady needs to invest as much energy as conceivable with her. As he courts her, he doesn't tally time by the watch. Neither does she. What's more, the additional time they take to be together, to convey with one another, the more they know one another, the more they welcome each other, the more exceptional their affection becomes. Companions, our private hour of commitment alone with God is a totally essential need. Each Christian must ponder alone and talk with his Father alone. It was during his hour of isolation with God when Jacob won his triumph, when his character got the required awesome touch and he thus got his new name. Paul truly altered the entire point and course of his life during the three days he spent without anyone else with God after his experience with Jesus on the Damascus street. Without sight, he had sufficient opportunity to intercede on the sacred writings that alluded to the first coming of Christ. What's more, there he yielded totally to the Spirit's voice. During his hour of isolation with God Elijah heard the still little voice of the Holy Spirit addressing his heart and bringing him mental fortitude and expectation. The Soul can speak with us much better when everything hushes up. In the event that we are not steady and ordinary in our reverential life, we are undependable. May God give us the ability to remove the pointless and optional things of life in request to devote more opportunity to day by day fellowship with God. At exactly that point will we have the solidarity to win life's fights

An Adventure of a Lifetime free essay sample

Since the time I was pretty much nothing, I had consistently longed for going to Europe and investigating the way of life, meeting new individuals, and messing around with companions, yet I never envisioned that I would truly get the opportunity to do that alongside accomplishing something that I love, making music. At the point when I began playing woodwind in fourth grade, I didn’t think I was adequate so I quit until the following year and I began playing the alto saxophone. Beginning in 6th grade was my first since forever praises band; the John Phillip Sousa Foundation held a tryout each other year in a three-day arranged occasion, and I was eager to go down to Lowell, Massachusetts for the absolute first time. Since I adored the distinctions band so much I returned again in eighth grade, however with another instrument, the baritone saxophone. This instrument was wonderful, it caused me to feel incredible and like no other inclination I had felt ever previously. We will compose a custom paper test on An Adventure of a Lifetime or on the other hand any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page That is to say, what would i be able to do to somebody if I’m just five feet and one-and-three-fourths inches tall? That’s what I cherished about it, in spite of the fact that, the largeness of the metal instrument in addition to my tallness (5 foot 1 inch) is certainly not a decent mix, yet it was unquestionably a match made in paradise! Quick forward to the late spring before first year and a few days before my birthday, a gathering of fifteen of us from band were totally made a beeline for Lowell, Massachusetts once more, this time for an outing to Europe! I was much progressively eager to go down this time, we visited seven unique nations, Switzerland, France, Austria, Germany, we had various gatherings remain with families in Belgium, Italy, and the Netherlands. Our first stop was in Belgium where every one of us were combined into a home with a family that we would remain with for a couple of days. After Belgium, we took a twofold decker transport to Bonn, Germany and visited the popular Beethoven’s house and where he was conceived. Following the voyage through Beethoven’s house, we set off for Mozart’s house in Salzburg, Austria. We at that point advanced toward Switzerland, it was unquestionably my preferred part of the outing, with the wonderful blue shaded water and the incredible tastin g ice sheet water that was overall quite cold. At that point through the nation to Italy, visiting just two or three urban areas and afterward to France. First we went to Chamonix, France, when we were done in Chamonix, our last stop was in Paris. The following day after we showed up, we went to the Eiffel Tower and climbed the steps. There were 600 seventy stages that we climbed, and unquestionably the most advances I had move in one entire step case. This was extraordinary for us, we got to the highest point of the pinnacle and we viewed the dusk. It was a perfect view from the top, seeing the entirety of Paris, at that point once the sun went down, the lights began to shimmer and move over the base to the highest point of the pinnacle. It was an unfathomable scene to observe. This excursion helped me perceive that I love to travel and experience new societies, eat new nourishments and meet new individuals. I have gained from this outing and the encounters that have transformed me, I got calmer, and in spite of the fact that I got calmer, I am a way better audience and student as a result of it. I love music, I hear it out and play it constantly and I don't believe that I could live without it. There will consistently be a way that I will cause music to be separated of my life. Music to me is perhaps the greatest enthusiasm, fighting for the lead position alongside creatures, nothing with prevent me from looking or discovering chances to play when I get more seasoned.

Christmas and New Year Quotes

Christmas and New Year Quotes What do the insightful and clever state about Christmas and the New Year? You can utilize these statements for motivation and see who is a related soul. You should remember one for your vacation welcoming cards, web based life posts, or family Christmas letter. Contact companions or family members on the opposite side of the planet and give them these mindful words. Phillips Brooks Christmas day is a day of euphoria and good cause. May God make you wealthy in both. W. J. Cameron There has been just a single Christmas-the rest are commemorations. Sydney Smith Make plans to make at any rate one individual cheerful consistently, and afterward in ten years you may have made 3,000, 600 and fifty people upbeat, or lit up a modest community by your commitment to the store of general delight. Erma Bombeck Theres nothing more troubled in this world than to wakeful Christmas morning and not be a youngster. Pat Boone The Christmas soul love changes hearts and lives. Isabel Currier It is the individual insightfulness, the warm human mindfulness, the connecting of the self to ones individual man that makes giving deserving of the Christmas soul. Patricia Clafford Christmas is an opportunity to extend our giving incorporating the lonely and destitute... close and far. Christmas is sharing. Debbie Harry I generally deal with New Years Eve, regardless. Charles Lamb Nobody at any point respected the first of January with aloofness. It is that from which all date their time, and check upon what is left. It is the nativity of our regular Adam. Edward Payson Powell The old year has gone. Let the dead past cover its own dead. The New Year has claimed the clock of time. All hail the obligations and potential outcomes of the coming a year! Imprint Twain Recently, everyone smoked his last stogie, took his last beverage and swore his last pledge. Today, we are a devout and praiseworthy network. Thirty days from now, we will have thrown our transformation to the breezes and gone to cutting our antiquated deficiencies extensively shorter than at any other time. Buddha There is just one time when it is fundamental to stir. That time is currently. Pierre Teilhard de Chardin The ills from which we are enduring have their seat in the very establishment of human idea. Be that as it may, today something is going on to the entire structure of human awareness. A new sort of life is beginning. Charles Dickens It was the best of times, it was the most exceedingly awful of times, it was the time of shrewdness, it was the time of silliness, it was the spring of expectation, it was the winter of hopelessness. T. S. Eliot For a years ago words have a place with a years ago language. Furthermore, one years from now words anticipate another voice. What's more, to make an end is to make a start. Ralph Waldo Emerson Finish every day and be finished with it. You have done what you could; a few bumbles and absurdities have sneaked in; overlook them when you can. Tomorrow is another day; you will start it gently and with too high a soul to be burdened with your old jabber. William Thomas It wouldnt be New Years on the off chance that I didnt have laments.

Jane Matilda Bolin

Bolin turned into the main Black lady to fill in as a U. S. Judge. She was the most youthful of four youngsters destined to Gaius and Matilda Bolin. Her mom, Matilda Emery, was an English outsider. She passed on when Jane was just eight years of age. Her dad, Gaius Charles Bolin, was an African American and, additionally, part Native American. G. Charles possessed an effective law practice in Poughkeepsie, NY. He was the main African American alumni of William College in Western Massachusetts and he was, likewise, the principal African American of the Dutchess County Bar Association. As a kid, Jane regularly imparted enthusiastic discussions to her dad about law and his calling. She invested a lot of energy in his law office afterschool and on ends of the week. This encouraged Jane to decide at an early stage that she needed to follow in her father’s strides and become a legal counselor. Having carried on with a shielded way of life, she was additionally roused to seek after a law profession when she found the hardships of Blacks in America around then. She got presented to this through her father’s contribution in the NAACP and by perusing the NAACP every other month magazine, The Crisis. The viciousness, bigotry, and preference that she revealed was a lot of dissimilar to the way of life in which she grew up, where her dad was regarded by the two blacks and whites. In the wake of moving on from secondary school at 15 years old, she went to Wellesley College in Massachusetts, where she was one of just two dark understudies. The two understudies were singled out and humiliated day by day. This became Jane’s first prejudice understanding. She graduated in 1928 as one the main 20 alumni in her group. Since she didn't get a lot of help from her educators, she comprehended what's in store when it was the ideal opportunity for seniors to address a counselor about vocation alternatives. Her counselor disclosed to her that she could always be unable to make it as a dark female lawyer. Be that as it may, Jane was resolved to go to Yale Law School. Jane’s father needed to shield her from the bias that he suffered while attempting become a legal advisor. He attempted to convince her to turn into an instructor and rouse other youthful dark personalities. In any case, when he discovered that she was acknowledged to Yale Law School, he gave her everything of his help. That year she was one of just three ladies and the main dark lady tried out Yale. She turned into the principal African American to get a law degree from Yale. She got back, passed the New York State Bar test, and started providing legal counsel in her father’s law office. In 1933, Jane wedded Ralph Mizelle. They moved to New York City and opened their own law practice. Jane started a vocation in broad daylight administration in 1937 as an Assistant Corporate Counsel for the City of New York. Following two years of serving in this position, Mayor Fiorello LaGuardia confirmed Jane as the Judge of the Domestic Relations Court (Family Court) on July 22, 1939. This made her the main African American to be the appointed authority of any U. S. court. As an appointed authority, she rolled out a few fantastic improvements. She made it illicit to put people with post trial agents dependent on race. She, additionally, required childcare offices that got open assets to acknowledge all kids, paying little mind to race. She later established an incorporated place for inconvenience youth. Jane filled in as an adjudicator for a long time. She resigned at age 70 in January of 1979. Jane Bolin kicked the bucket on January 8, 2007. She was 98 years of age. Reference index http://blackhistory. com/cgi-canister/blog. cgi? blog_id=133098&cid=54

Symbolism in A Long Days Journey into Night Essay Example

Imagery in A Long Days Journey into Night Paper ONeill utilizes imagery in the play by presenting items, props and social antiquities that build up the significant subjects in the play. He accomplishes this by giving the articles second implications a long ways past the strict, and by having them represent entire ideas that are in certainty the plays center. One of the first and most important things of this nature that the peruser, or an individual from the crowd is acquainted with is the mist and the foghorn, when Mary specifies them just because: Thank sky, the haze is no more. I do feel unwell at the beginning of today. I wasnt ready to get a lot of lay down with that terrible foghorn going throughout the night (Baym 1343). All through the play, the nearness of the mist matches the hour of day when night comes, so does the haze, and when it is morning, the haze is no more. This, obviously, is no happenstance. One of the key human highlights investigated in the play is misleading, or keeping each other in obscurity. Consequently, one may propose that the haze and murkiness as the night are consistent images strengthening each other, in light of the fact that they meet up and engage a similar idea. We will compose a custom article test on Symbolism in A Long Days Journey into Night explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom exposition test on Symbolism in A Long Days Journey into Night explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom exposition test on Symbolism in A Long Days Journey into Night explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer The haze can likewise be viewed as a kind of an individual mist each character is covered in, and something that recommend haziness and illusion, particularly in the last pieces of the play when the haze is denser than any time in recent memory and makes everything sound so dismal and lost (Baym 1390-1391). The mist, at that point, darkens ones view of the world, and it matches the endeavors of every individual from the family to cloud or conceal reality Tyrone and his parsimony, Mary with her compulsion, Jamie with his life of a loafer and Edmund, with his tuberculosis that they all endeavor to avoid Mary. The second significant image is the foghorn, which also has various conceivable or consolidated implications. Foghorns are utilized by ships for motioning in foggy conditions, in this manner are a kind of caution and situating signals. In the play, the foghorn represents every relatives endeavors to discover a path through the wreckage theyre in, maybe barring Mary, since she is totally latent. The way that she doesn't care for the foghorn additionally recommends that she isn't dependent upon attempting to better the circumstance (Baym 1343). A halfway achievement in finding a route through everything shows up in the trade off that Edmund and Tyrone arrive at That Edmund doesnt need to go to a lousy sanatorium, and can go any place he picks. This trade off is just halfway, however, on the grounds that his decision must be sensibly speaking (Baym 1402). In the notice sense, there are occasions when the foghorn has importance also, for instance when Jamie cautions Edmund of himself in his long discourse Remember I cautioned you, for the wellbeing of you. Give me credit. More noteworthy love hath no man than this, that he saveth his sibling from himself (Baym 1412). In this manner, the foghorn represents the quest for arrangements and ways around snags, yet similarly as a real foghorn on a boat, this pursuit doesn't effectively realize answers generally, it just accentuates the nearness of challenges (the haze). A third significant item, or articles, that represent a significant idea in the play are liquor and morphine. The explanation I decided to assemble them is on the grounds that both represent a similar idea escape. Liquor does it for the men in the family, and morphine is Marys scene, however they all look to get away from what plagues them and these substances modify their reasoning and observation (from a certain point of view) to do that. About each upsetting discussion or experience that raises any of the familys inconveniences brings about it is possible that (at least one) of the men drinking, or Mary going upstairs to take morphine I comprehend that Ive been a God-doomed numb-skull to have confidence in you! Tyrone says as he understands that his significant other is back on the medication, and promptly presents himself with a major beverage (Baym 1366). Edmund drinks on a few events in spite of the fact that he isnt expected to because of his ailment, and despite the fact that his dad knows it, he despite everything lets him drink with just emblematic dissent, most likely in light of the fact that he subliminally understands that Edmund needs the getaway simply like him (Baym 1393). Thi s tops in the last scenes of the play, when the entire family is impaired, and in a condition of daze. In the push to darken the horrid reality from their brains (the entirety of this with the thick haze outside and the black out fogginess noticeable all around), the men are completely flushed, and Mary is higher than any time in recent memory on morphine, as indicated by Tyrone (Baym 1416). In this way, both liquor and morphine represent the familys aggregate exertion of getaway. From the assessment of the abovementioned and different items, props, or social curios in the play, it becomes apparent that most by far of those utilized by ONeill were intended to represent progressively confused ideas, and to go about as images that build up the major and basic topics of the play.

MAT101 Case 4 Answer Template - 5500 Words

MAT101 Case 4 Answer Template (Math Problem Sample) Content: MAT101 Case 4 Answer TemplateI affirm that this assignment contains all original work. I am familiar with Trident Universityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s Academic Integrity policy located in the Trident Policy Handbook. I affirm that I have not engaged in direct duplication, copy/pasting, sharing assignments, collaboration with others, contract cheating and/or obtaining answers online, paraphrasing, or submitting/facilitating the submission of prior work. Work found to be unoriginal and in violation of this policy is subject to consequences such as a failing grade on the assignment, a failing grade in the course, and/or elevated academic sanctions. My name below affirms that the assignment was completed individually, and all work presented is my own.Name:Date:Instructor:Use this template to insert your answers for the assignment. Please use one of the four methods for showing your work (EE, Math Type, ALT keys, or neatly typed). Remember that your work should be clear and legible.Pr oblems need to include all required steps and answer(s) for full credit. All answers need to be reduced to lowest terms where possible.1. What are the 3 methods for solving systems of equations? Which one do you prefer and why?Answer: The three methods for solving a system of linear equations are by graphing elimination, and substitution. I prefer the elimination method.Preference/reason: The elimination method is simple and fast to use.2. Describe a consistent system.Answer: A consistent system is a system of equations with at least one solution. Solving consistent systems of equations using graphs will have intersecting lines or one line above another.3. Describe an inconsistent system.Answer: Inconsistent systems of equations have no solutions. Simply put solving them using a graph will result in parallel lines4. Describe a dependent system.Answer: Dependent systems of equations have infinite solutions that is graphing them will result in one line above another.Go to à ¢Ã¢â €š ¬Ã‹Å"insertà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"shapesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬. Choose the circles for the points and the lines to connect the dots. Use the arrows to represent the shading.For example:107632542354500323850105219501352550299720714375785495866774471170157162578549511430001585595Solve the following systems of equations using the graphing method.What type of system is it? Name the solution if there is one.5. x+y=5-x+y=3Calculations:x+y=5If x=1; and if x=2;y=5-1y=5-2y=4y=3x y 1 4 2 3 -x+y=3If x=1; and if x=2;y=3+1y=3+2y=4y=5x y 1 4 2 5 Answer: (1, 4)_This is a consistent independent system1114425-381018764248058150028575-380900167640058674000187642538671506. 2x-2y=8x-y=4Calculations:2x+2y=8If x=1; and if x=2;y=8-2y=8-4y=6y=4x y 1 6 2 4 x-y=4If x=1; and if x=2;y=-4+1y=-4+2y=-3y=-2x y 1 -3 2 -2 Answer: ___(4, 0)_ This is a consistent independent system156210018288000186690055372000164782516319500904875753745186690018110200016668752011045007. 3x-y=-23x-y=4Calculations:3x-y=-2If x=1; and if =0;y=3+2y=2+0y=5y=2x y 1 5 0 2 3x-y=4If x=1; and if x=2;y=3-4y=6-4y=-1y=2x y 1 -1 2 2 Answer: This is an inconsistent system and has no solution91440100014573251009650001666875400050001295401000188595010096500016668751609725008. y=6x=-3Calculations:y=6If x=1; and if =0;y=6y=6y=6y=6x y 1 6 0 6 x=-3If y=2; and if x=5;x=-3y=-3x=-3y=-3x y -3 2 -3 5 Answer: (3, 6) This is an inconsistent system8667753924300086677599250500914400495300249555228600019240500166687519240500Solve the following systems of equations using the substitution method.What type of system is it? Name the solution if there is one.9. x=6y+23x-18y=4Calculations:36y+2+18y=418y+6-18y=40=4-60=-2Answer: _ There is no solution. _This is an inconsistent system____________10. x-y=3x+3y=6Calculations:x=3+y3+y+3y=63+4y=64y=6-3y=34x-34=3x=3+34x=334Answer: _(3 3/4, 3/4) This is a consistent system _____________11. y=-2x4x-3y=12Calculations:4x-3*-2x=124x+6x=1210x=12x=12101210*4-3y=124.8-3y=124.8-12=3y7.2=3yy=2.4Answer: __ (6/5, 2.4)_ This is a consistent system ____________12. 2x-5y=15x-7y=3Calculations:2x-5y=15x=7.5-2.5y7.5-2.5y-7y=37.5-4.5y=34.5=4.5yy=12x-5=152x=20x=10Answer: __(10, 1)_ This is a consistent system ___Solve the following systems of equations using the addition (elimination) method.What type of system is it? Name the solution if there is one.13. x+y=6x-y=4Calculations:x+y=6x-y=42x=10x=55+y=66-5=yy=1Answer: ___(5, 1)____________14. -2x+3y=52x-y=1Calculations:-2x+3y=52x-y= 12y=6y=32x-3=12x=4x=2Answer: ___(2, 3)____________15. 5x+y=23x+y=1Calculations:5x+y=23x+y=12x=1x=125*12+y=22.5+y=2y=2-2.5y=-0.5Answer: __(0.5, -0.5)_____________16. 5x=20+y16=3y+4xCalculations:5x=20+y16=3y+4x5x-y=20*34x+3y=16*115x-3y=604x+3y=1619x=76x=45*4=20+yy=20-20y=0Answer: (4,0)_______________Solve the following systems of inequalities using the graphing method.Shade the solution set.17. x+y4y+3x6Calculations:x+y=4y+3x=6y4-x

Arctic Architecture - Paleo-Eskimo and Neo-Eskimo Houses

Relationship Between Accounting Principles Board And The...

Relationship History A brief history of the relationship between the Accounting Principles Board and the Financial Accounting Standards Board. Accounting Principles Board. In 1936 the American Institute of Accountants merged with the American Society of Certified Public Accountants, forming a larger organization later named the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA). In 1936 the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants Committee on Accounting Procedure (CAP) was formed.(Schroeder Cathey, 2010, p. 6) 1959 The AICPA responded to the alleged shortcomings of the CAP by forming the Accounting Principles Board (APB). The objectives of this body were to advance the written expression of generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP), to narrow areas of difference in appropriate practice, and to in the method of establishing accounting principles (Schroeder Cathey, 2010, p. 7) By the late 1960s, criticism of the development of accounting principles again arose. This criticism ce ntered on the following factors: 1. The independence of the members of the Accounting Principles Board . The individuals serving on the board had full-time responsibilities elsewhere that might influence their views of certain issues. 2. The structure of the board. The largest eight public accounting firms were automatically awarded one member, and there were usually five or six other public accountants on the APB. 3. Response time. The emerging accounting problems were notShow MoreRelatedHistory of the Relationship Between Fasb Iasb1633 Words   |  7 PagesRunning head: RELATIONSHIP OF IASB AND FASB The Relationship of the International Accounting Standards Board and the Financial Accounting Standard Board Accounting Theory Research 541 The History amp; Relationship of the International Accounting Standards Board and the Financial Accounting Standard Board The International Accounting Standards Board (IASB), and independent standard-setting body of the IFRS Foundation was created after the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) toRead MoreThe Relationship Between Fasb and Iasb1490 Words   |  6 PagesThe Relationship Between FASB and IASB Jennifer Purvis ACC 541 March 14, 2011 Delphine L. 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Americas Culture Essay - 1589 Words

America’s Culture America is cultural diversity. It is not home to one race or one culture. The building of American history was done through Irish, Black, Japanese, Korean, and many other cultures combined. The people of these various backgrounds came together for a common cause. To attempt create the society that they believed was better than there original origin’s way of life. Many of these founders undertook great hardships and some even death to create something that some people many times overlook or take for granted. If you look at our American society as a whole, you will notice that many Americans share certain beliefs and even customs in common. From the objects in our houses to the food we eat and the clothing they†¦show more content†¦In response to assimilation Mukherjee says I hope to interact with the country I live in†¦I need to feel part of the community I have adopted and need to put roots down, to vote and make a difference that I can(119). Culture is an idea o f celebrating a common way of life. Every country has a culture and America should not be excluded from this idea simply because of the fact that it is made up of immigrants of many differing cultures. Yes, my family does celebrate ethnic specific traditions but, not for the same reasons my ancestors did. Family practices three traditions that are based on my ethnicity. Every Christmas Eve we practice the Polish tradition of Oplatek. This tradition involves the sharing of special bread between family member while wishing each other a Merry Christmas. Every December 6th, when I was younger, we celebrated the German the feast day of St. Nicholas by placing our shoes near the fireplace in hopes that he we leave a present. Finally, we also celebrate the polish tradition of Packski Day or Fat Tuesday (Which is celebrated the day before Lent begins). I believe that my family continues to celebrate these traditions because they are a fun, a way to bring the family together, and my ancestor ’s celebrated them with pride because they identified who they were. I am proud of who they were culturally, but I am moreShow MoreRelatedAmericas Society in Deborah Tannens book, The Argument Culture1228 Words   |  5 PagesDeborah Tannens book, The Argument Culture, is a compelling piece that looks at the perceived argument culture that is permeating the United States and the West in general. I do agree with what Ms. Tannen is saying, that there is a form of argument culture, but I think it could be argued that there is a contrasting part of American society called a nice culture as well. On the one hand, you have people who will argue about topics whenever the opportunity arises, but on the other hand you haveRead MoreA Book Report of: Why Race and Culture Matter in Schools: Closing the Achievement Gap in America’s Classrooms2975 Words   |  12 Pagesï » ¿ A Book Report of: Why Race and Culture Matter in Schools: Closing the Achievement Gap in America’s Classrooms Abstract This paper is intended to explore and report upon the topics posited by Tyrone C. Howard in his book, Why Race and Culture Matter in Schools: Closing the Achievement Gap in Americas Classrooms. Closely examining each and every chapter as they come and how the structure of this book gives a detailed framework and guidance system for noviceRead MoreAmericas Faith Community : American Culture1459 Words   |  6 PagesWHY: For most of the 20th Century, America’s Faith Community enjoyed the luxury of reposeful sanctuary within their Houses of Worship. Such places were considered â€Å"off limits† for acts of crime and mayhem by most Americans. Reality often mirrored this anticipation. Even the criminal element looked with great disdain upon those victimizing churches and synagogues. However, immunity to the problems slowly began to deteriorate. The lawless began to view holy and sacred locations as merely wealthyRead MoreAmerica’s Failing War on Drugs and the Culture of Incarceration2483 Words   |  10 PagesAmerica’s failing War on Drugs and the Culture of Incarceration Richard B. Carpenter Adams State College America’s failing War on Drugs and the Culture of Incarceration Richard B. Carpenter Adams State College Abstract For over a century, America has waged a failing war on drugs even as it feeds a cultural apathetic and underground acceptance of drug and alcohol use. The views of the dominate group have placed blame on society’s ills on the evilsRead MoreEssay on The Impact of African-American Sitcoms on Americas Culture977 Words   |  4 PagesThe Impact of African-American Sitcoms on Americas Culture Since its start, the television industry has been criticized for perpetuating myths and stereotypes about African-Americans through characterizations, story lines, and plots. The situation comedy has been the area that has seemed to draw the most criticism, analysis, and disapproval for stereotyping. From Sanford and Son and The Jefferson’s in the 1970s to The Cosby Show (1984) and The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air in the 1990s, sitcomsRead MoreHow the Movies of the 1970’s and 1980’s Reflected America’s Mood and Culture1552 Words   |  7 Pagesthe night of self- indulgence was the 1980’s. Americans love to escape from our daily stress, and of all the products that allow us to do so, none is more popular than the movies. Movies are key cultural artifacts that offer a view of American culture and social history. They not only offer a snapshot of hair styles and fashions of the times but they also provide a host of insights into Americans’ ever- changing ideals. Like any cultural artifact, the movies can be approached in a number of waysRead MoreAfrican American Stereotypes Reality Television1531 Words   |  7 Pagescharacters to keep their audience coming back for more (Tyree, 2011, p. 395). This involves the heavy use of racial stereotypes in their shows because it allows for quick character development as well as cheap entertainment. The way a particular race or culture is represented on reality television can adversely affect the way society views that group because these portrayals are based on â€Å"internalized racist views† (Boylorn, 2008, p. 414). Boylorn’s analysis focused moreover on how black women view themselvesRead MoreThe Distortion of Image in Americas Top Model Essay1227 Words   |  5 Pagessuch as America’s Next Top Model can have a strong influence in today’s society. America’s Next Top Model is a popular modeling and competition show that aims towards a group of pe ople, particularly women. These aspiring models have to face weekly challenges while living together in order to compete for a modeling contract. Given that many viewers enjoy watching the show, it has become a serious issue affecting our culture. In general, many reality television shows, particularly the America’s Next TopRead MoreEssay on Reality Television Shows1317 Words   |  6 Pagesof the television show, Survivor defines reality TV as ‘Shows containing producer created environments that control contestant behaviour. But this definition does not include emergency services and police force programs such as Crimewatch or America’s Most Wanted. The reality show I am going to be analysing is ‘Made in Chelsea’ also known as MIC. The scripted reality series is a BAFTA award winning show that is broadcasted by E4 and first aired on the 9th May 2011. Made in Chelsea was createdRead MoreThe novel aims at projecting the ethical aspect of Indian immigrants in Jhumpa Lahiri’s debut novel700 Words   |  3 Pagesas indentured labourers but now they migrate for the prospect of career building and profit making. But in both the cases culture plays a very important role in their life. In their socio-political liminality and marginal statues, the immigrants enjoy life in economic subjugation but have an emotional emancipation in their contra acculturation. In the super structure of America’s multicultural society they have cross-cultural experiences. This helps them to reconcile between their inherited and acquired

The Shawshank Redemption Is A Film Directed By Frank Darabont

The Shawshank Redemption is a film directed by Frank Darabont and written by Stephen King, released in the year 1994. This film was nominated for seven Oscars and is nothing less than phenomenal. The movie was based on Andy Dufresne who was played by actor Tim Robbins. He is sentenced to two consecutive life terms in prison for the murders of his wife and her and is sentenced to a maximum security prison. However, only Andy knows he did not commit this crime he is accused of. While serving his time in prison, he forms a friendship with Red who is played by actor Morgan Freeman, and they together experience the brutality of life in prison. Although the movie was taken place in a prison and it may seem extremely weird to feel this way. I think this movie gives viewers a warm and heart felt feeling. In many movies we get the vicarious experiences and quick, insincere emotions. Shawshank uses the narrator s calm, attentive voice to include us in the story of men who have formed a commun ity behind bars. It is deeper than most films; about continuity in a lifetime, based on friendship and hope. Although this movie was nominated for several different awards the movie violated many constitutional rights and had some issues that negatively affects the prison system. Inmates brutally beaten, remaining institutionalized upon the failure to become knowledgeable about the world, unfair treatment and denied parole for no evident reason, taken advantage of as the warden used inmatesShow MoreRelatedThe Shawshank Redemption Is An American Drama Film Directed By Frank Darabont1707 Words   |  7 PagesThe Shawshank redemption is an American drama film written and directed by Frank Darabont in the year 1994, starring Tim Robbins and Morgan Freeman. The film’s screenplay has been adapted from the Stephen King Novella Rita Hayworth and Shawshank redemption and talks about the life of a man named Andy Dufresne, a banker who is sentenced to life imprisonment in the Shawsha nk State prison for murder of his wife and her lover, even despite his claims of innocence. While the main genre of the film isRead MoreThe Brilliant Film, Shawshank Redemption Essay1576 Words   |  7 PagesCompanion To the Movies Title and Year: â€Å"Shawshank Redemption† (1994) Director: Frank Darabont (based on the Stephen King novel) Actors: Tim Robbins, Morgan Freeman, Bob Gunton, and William Sadler. The Shot Long/medium/close-up: Roger Deakins, the film’s cinematographer, and director Frank Darabont worked together to create this wonderful and classical film heavily utilizing long shots, close ups, and slow zooms. Throughout the film â€Å"Shawshank Redemption†, a series of shots take place where theRead MoreShawshank Redemption Themes800 Words   |  4 PagesFrank Darabont directed The Shawshank Redemption and wrote the screenplay based on the novel Rita Hayworth and Shawshank Redemption by author Stephen King. The movie was made in 1994 and produced by Niki Marvin. The movie stars Morgan Freeman and Tim Robbins as two convicts serving time in a New England prison named Shawshank. Tim Robbins plays a man named Andy Dufresne, a banker, who gets convicted of murdering his wife and her lover and is sent to prison in Shawshank. Andy eventually becomes goodRead MoreThe Shawshank Redemption By Frank Darabont1000 Words   |  4 PagesThe Shawshank Redemption directed by Frank D arabont is a 1994 American drama film set in the Ohio State Reformatory in Mansfield, Ohio. The film is an enthralling film about the survival of one of its prisoners, Andy Dufresne, the protagonist convicted to life imprisonment in Shawshank prison during 1947. Facing incarceration, Andy’s character as a city banker forms a relationship with a prison inmate ‘Red’ to fight despair. Darabont uses film techniques such as camera work, soundtrack and lightingRead More Stephen Kings Shawshank Redemption Essays777 Words   |  4 PagesKings Rita Haywort and the Shawshank Redemption Rita Haywort and the Shawshank Redemption was first presented in 1982, by Stephen King and hooked the hearts of the worlds readers. Literature reviews were immediately written about the book and quickly recognized as one of the years best. Rek Rehn, a book reviewer for Mouth Shut.com Wrote: This book is the jewel of the crown, a tender tale of hope, friendship and retribution. Years later in 1994, Shawshank Redemption was again recognized byRead MoreMovie Review : The Guilty Prison Essay1488 Words   |  6 Pageswrite a film review because I am passionate about this film and how they make it seem so real and the lessons you can lessons you can learn from them. My purpose of this film review is to persuade people that this is an amazing film and a lot of life lessons that come with it. Title: The Guilty Prison Displacement The Shawshank redemption is drama film directed by Frank Darabont set in the Shawshank State Prison through the 1930’s to the 1940’s time period in the USA. Director Darabont has beenRead MoreThe Shawshank Redemption1051 Words   |  5 PagesReview A story of hope is just about the last thing youd expect to find in a prison movie. But in  The Shawshank Redemption, thats exactly what you get. Shawshank  is the story of Andy Dufresne (Tim Robbins), a man convicted of murdering his wife and her lover and shipped to a maximum-security prison in Shawshank, Maine, for two consecutive life sentences. Over the next years (two hours, movie time), he finds his way to inner peace and self-reliance in the midst of the terror and inequity ofRead MoreThe Shawshank Redemption851 Words   |  4 PagesAnalyse how the opening of your studied text effectively introduced a key idea or a main character In the film, The Shawshank Redemption directed by Frank Darabont, the opening scene effectively introduces a key idea that the prison is capable of taking away prisoners identities by removing away any control they have of their lives, and their rights as human beings. The director makes clever use of the techniques of camera shots, lighting, costume and dialogue to show the prisons destructiveRead More The Shawshank Redemption Essay1401 Words   |  6 Pages The Shawshank Redemption is a prison movie that is based on a book by Stephen King and directed by Frank Darabont. The movie is not the average bloody horror movie; instead, it takes you to a place where your worst nightmares come alive. The tremendous performance by Morgan Freeman and other actors has truly brought this film to life. The emotions characters portrayed were so real that every one could feel compassion toward them. The Shawshank Redemption, a contribution to the working man, illustratesRead MoreFilm Analysis Of T he Film The Shawshank Redemption970 Words   |  4 PagesLiam The 1994 film â€Å"The Shawshank Redemption† directed by Frank Darabont is about a banker named Andy Dufresne who is falsely accused and sentenced to life in prison at Shawshank for the murder of his wife and her lover. This is where he meets Red, a man who is also serving a life sentence, has been in Shawshank for quite some time and is known as â€Å"a man who knows how to get things†. The meeting of these two characters produced many significant moments and scenes, but there is one that I found

History of the Old Testament of the Bible Essay - 3002 Words

Studying the Old Testament is not as straightforward as some may think. Being able to recall stories of the Bible does not necessarily mean you have a thorough grasp on the history of Israel and the surrounding nations. Some people read and discuss the Bible without a solid understanding of the history and social issues that were going on at the time. Being able to relate to the stories in the Bible and struggle with some of the same problems faced by the people in the Bible gives you a greater appreciation for the works in the Bible. I feel that having a firm understanding of all the related history of Israel gives a student of the Old Testament a far greater understanding of why these stories are in the Bible and what was meant to†¦show more content†¦yet they are writing about the construction of a Temple almost 350 years earlier to their contemporary. This is because during the time of the Deuteronomic writer Babylon had destroyed the Temple and Israel is in a state of rebuilding itself. Because the deuteronomistic historians wanted to emphasize their own theological teachings, they selected from the royal annals only what served their purpose, and added interpretive passages. Anderson p.213 This is concept that we should become familiar with and understand. Hardly anything in the Bible is written down as it happened (In relation to time, not saying the bible is inaccurate in its accounts of events). Stories and passages from the Bible are historical stories or events that are written down and applied to the current state of the nation. A rather cleaver example of this phenomena (at least I believe it to be cleaver) is take for example our Buffalo Bills win a football game. If you talk to a fan of the losing team and pursue themShow MoreRelatedHow We Got The Bible1382 Words   |  6 PagesHow We Got the Bible Ever since I was born I have been attending church. At this young age they teach you everything about the main stories or the main points of the Bible. At my church I learned stories from Noah’s ark to the story of Adam and Eve eating the apple from the tree of knowledge of good and evil. I learned about who was the narrator of the Bible and who created our earth. I never knew who were the people that printed out the pages or chose a specific font for the Bible. I didn’t haveRead MoreJewish And Christian Sacred Text1001 Words   |  5 Pagestheir opinions on sacred text. Jewish people and Christians both have sacred text; however, Christians believe that the Bible is meant to be read as a text as a whole. Christians have the Holy Bible and Jews have what is known as the Tanakh. In relation to the Christian Bible, the Tanakh is only the Old Testament, while the Holy Bible is both the Old Testament and the New Testament. This means that stories like Creation, Original Sin, and Ten Commandments are the same for both religions. While theRead MoreHistory of the Bible Essay1727 Words   |  7 PagesInstructor Pursell English 132 9 December 2009 The History of the Canonization of the Bible The process by which the English Bible, as it is known to the English culture today, was compiled is an extraordinary thing to see. The Bible consists of two parts: the Old Testament and the New Testament. The process by which both Testaments were written and then canonized into one book transpired over a period of many years. Once the canonization of the Bible officially came to an end, it was translated intoRead MoreHistory And Historical Context Of The Old Testament1684 Words   |  7 PagesThe history of how the Bible came into existence has been explored for centuries and is an active area of study today. There are many facets to the Bible and each has its own set of unique characteristics and teachings. The Old Testament is considered a contemporary guide for daily living, even though it was composed hundreds of years ago. Where did the Old Testament come from? What are some of the influences that shaped the Old Testament? What are the significant events of the Old Testa mentRead MoreThe Magna Carte, The Declaration Of Independence, And But The Communist Manifesto1534 Words   |  7 Pages Throughout out the history of the world many documents have had profound influences upon humanity. The Magna Carte, The Declaration of Independence, and even the Communist Manifesto by Karl Marx are examples of some of the documents that have helped to shape humanity. The Bible has had perhaps more impact on humanity than any other Document ever written. Many people read the Bible, but know little of the history of the Bible itself. The history of the Bible is a fascinating story of theRead MoreThe Foundation of Orthodoxy and the Canon1447 Words   |  6 Pages canon defines the identity of the believing community and the ownership claims of the standardized texts by this community. On the contrary, orthodoxy refers to the accurate, traditional or currently accepted religious beliefs. Throughout the history of the church, several events have occurre d and caused the need for orthodoxy of Christians’ belief system such as Constantine consolidation of power. While canonized texts are considered as valuable, canon restricts the reader’s possession of andRead MoreDescription of The Divinity of the Scriptures1553 Words   |  7 PagesThe Bible is a book that is comprised of over forty different authors and sixty six different books, which are sub-divided into the Old and New Testament. The division is because the Old is the books that we inherited from the Jewish faith and the New Testament is during the time of and after the Messiah, had come and is only in the Christian Bible. The Scriptures of the Old and New Testaments are given by the inspiration of God because, they complement each other, they declare prophecy and fulfillmentRead MoreThe Most Influential Text is the Bible1558 Words   |  6 Pages The Bible is widely regarded as perhaps the most influential text in the record of human history. Both Judaism and Christianity hold the Bible in high spiritual regard, due to its function as the basis for these two respective relig ions. The Bible serves as a single divine anthology, comprised of a series of books that have been meticulously composed by hundreds of authors over hundreds of years (Armstrong, 2007). Over the course of human history, the stories, lessons, and parables found withinRead MoreThe United States Of The Bible1536 Words   |  7 Pagesto be more fundamental and enduring than the Bible (Reagan).† These are words spoken by the 40th President of the United States of America, Ronald Reagan. The fundamentals of the Bible are vast, a few include God as creator of all, sin and its consequences, God’s redemption of mankind through Jesus, the work of the Holy Spirit, and Heaven and hell. The Christian Bible is comprised of the 39 books in the Old Testament and 27 books in the New Testament. A man by the name of Marcion is believed toRead MoreBoring s Introduction Of The New Testament898 Words   |  4 PagesBoring’s Introduction to the New Testament, was a very interesti ng book. It detailed just about everything you would want to know about the New Testament and then some. He left no stone unturned in taking you deep into the history of every book and just about every writer that wrote the books of the New Testament. Boring is a very detailed writer, he takes you beyond what you think that you might know and in his own way breaks it down in a kind of complex way. The title explains the subject just

The Beautiful Letdown free essay sample

For as long as I can remember, I have beeninfatuated with all types of rock music. Over the years I have purchased manyrock albums, some decent and some disappointing, in a quest for the ideal.Occasionally I would come across an album so appealing that I would convincemyself I had found the ideal album. But then I would grow tired of it, andrealize its insufficiency. Id end up, once again, disillusioned. As timepassed I became increasingly fastidious in my purchases; I even succumbed to thenotion that rock is dead as the deep meanings and messages in those powerfulsounds and identifiable lyrics were gradually replaced by repetitious hip-hop andmeaningless pop music. I was close to denying the existence of theperfect rock album, but then, when I least expected it, I witnessed theinexpressible sublimity of Switchfoots The Beautiful Letdown. Icouldnt believe my ears the producing, songwriting, playing, singing and soundwere perfect. We will write a custom essay sample on The Beautiful Letdown or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I had finally found the ideal rock album and was utterlyhappy and satisfied every time I listened to this superlative collection of 11songs. Perhaps the most extraordinary track is This is Your Life. Theintro is very distinct and makes an intriguing transition from the previous song.It begins with decelerated base sounds separated by pausing intervals thatgradually lead into a shrill synthesizer, immediately followed by the soft strumsof a 12-string acoustic guitar played by Jon Foreman. After Foreman singsprofound lyrics about the inevitability of the unchangeable past, he utters thewords, This is your life Are you who you want to be? At thispoint, the listener is either weeping or completely dumfounded at the songsomnipotence I think I passed out the first time I heard it. Anotherawesome song is the title track. The message here is so undeniably true that itpractically demands the listeners undivided attention. Foreman addresses achallenging truth about the distinct time when each is faced with the decision toaccept Christ as Savior and convert. Foreman calls this conversion thebeautiful letdown because what once seemed beautiful is always a letdown when youfind truth in God. The Beautiful Letdown is only one of many thatfocuses on spiritual longing, and is perhaps the reason why this is the idealrock album. Every song is incomparably impressive, I guarantee it.Through this album, Switchfoot has impacted my life. And if you have not yetwitnessed this, I hope and pray The Beautiful Letdown will becomeyour ideal rock album.

Religious Challenges to Constructing a Democratic Iraq Essay Sample free essay sample

Islam has been Iraq’s dominant faith for centuries. The faith plays an of import portion in every facet of Iraq’s society. to include its authorities. A democracy gives freedom to a nation’s people. encompassing the many features of Christianity. It can be argued that Islam is. and will go on to be a basis of any authorities in Iraq. Likewise. Christianity will be a basis of many democratic states. The challenge is to research the relationship of a democracy in Iraq. and whether the relationship will work sing the prevalent Islam faith. The Challenge of Establishing a Democracy in Iraq It has been seven old ages since the start of Operation Iraqi Freedom. and the remotion of Saddam Hussein’s government. One clear aim since the start of the war was to transfuse a authorities where all citizens could bask the same freedoms of other democratic states. However. transfusing democracy in a Muslim society can be immense hurdle to get the better of. The representative characteristics of a democratic authorities may non needfully aline with the spiritual. norms of a Muslim society. To derive an apprehension of the footing of a democracy in Iraq. the history and prevailing faith must be carefully dissected. The history and associated faith. along with the dogmas of democracy. must be carefully unraveled to pull a comparing between the two. Merely so can one determine whether a democracy can boom in Iraq. History of Iraq Normally known as the place of birth of the universe. or Mesopotamia. to be exact. the country between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers is regarded as the possible location of the Garden of Eden. Iraq has been a state of struggle and invasion all the manner back to the 4th century BC. when the vanquisher. Alexander the Great. devastated the country ( Boyd. 2003. p. 4 ) . The Sumerians were the first important swayers. shortly to be followed by Sargon I. the Akkadians. and eventually. the Emmalites ( Boyd. 2003. p. 4 ) . Muhammad’s clip in 610 AD. marked a really of import point in Iraq’s history. During this clip. Islam would come into being. The debut of Islam would convey peace and competition. preponderantly displayed amongst Muslims and Abbasid calif. Centuries subsequently. and the beginning of WW I. British military personnels would occupy the part and enforce their power. Shortly after the war. the League of Nations gave Britain. Syria. and France authorization over the state. Although the state would go independent in 1932. it would once more fall under British control to forestall a pro-Nazi overthrow ( Boyd. 2003. p. 4 ) . In 1947. Iraq eventually gained its independency. Independence would convey about several decennaries of military leaders rule in an effort to form the authorities. These efforts would finally neglect. until 1968. This would be the twelvemonth. the Ba’ath party would take power ( William. 2000. p. 91 ) . One adult male would rapidly mount to the top. due to much quarrelling amongst party ranks. This adult male. Saddam Hussein. would finally emerge as president and leader of the party until April of 2003. Iraq’s history saw much struggle and adversity throughout. but there was one high spot – the debut of Islam. To better understand the primary faith of Iraq. it’s best to take a expression at its histor y. History of Islam Harmonizing to writer. Spencer William ( 2000 ) . in his book. Irak: Old Land. New Nation in Conflict. he notes that Iraq is the â€Å"world centre for Islam† ( S. William. 2000. p. 31 ) To derive a better understanding about the people of Iraq. it is of import to take a expression at the history of its chief faith. Islam traces its roots back to the prophesier. Muhammad ibn Abdallah ( 570-632 AD ) . Muslims believe that Muhammad followed God’s instructions through disclosures from the Archangel Gabriel. Muhammad called on the people to admit a religion in Allah ( Gregorian. 2003. p. 5 ) . Allah was the Arabic word for God. and believed to be the God of Abraham. Moses. Jesus. and Muhammad ( Gregorian. 2003. p. 5 ) . Revelations came to Muhammad. get downing in 610 during the 9th lunar month. or Ramadan. until his decease in 632. These disclosures were transcribed in the Qur’an. Author Gregorian ( 2003 ) notes the words of the Qur’an: â€Å"It is cult of y our male parent. Abraham. He was the 1 who named you Muslims† ( Gregorian. V. 2003. p. 6 ) . â€Å"Muslims† would go the name for those who follow the Islam religion. Islam is similar to Judaism and Christianity in that it is a prophetic faith. This means the reception of God’s messages to humanity through Prophetss. The nucleus maxims of Islam are Towhid. the integrity of God ; Nowbowat. belief in the prophetic mission of Muhammad ; and Ma’ad. belief in the twenty-four hours of judgement and Resurrection ( Gregorian. 2003. p. 7 ) . Additionally. there are five dogmas called the Pillars of Faith that every Muslim must detect as follows: bear true religion in God. and that belief in Muhammad as his prophesier ; to pray five times a twenty-four hours towards Mecca. give a part of his or her income as a revenue enhancement. and one fifth of their income to the hapless ; fast during the twenty-four hours. the whole month of Ramadan ; and do at least one pilgrims journey to Mecca. if able. The early spread of Islam was rather singular. About all the folks of Arabia had converted to Islam in 632. upon Muhammad’s decease. Almost a century after the faiths birth. the Muslim community would turn into one of the largest in the universe ( Gregorian. 2003. p. 11 ) . The Qur’an notes coexiststance with Jews and Christians. and identifies them as â€Å"People of the Book† ( Gregorian. 2003. p. 9 ) . Muslims believe it was Abraham and his boy Ishmael who rebuilt the Kaaba in Mecca. which is believed to be the oldest monotheistic temple. Along with Abraham. Muslims consider Moses and Jesus to be great Prophetss. Like Christians. Muslims accept the New Testament. However ; unlike Christians. Islam did non prolong a centralised organisation. ( Gregorian. 2003. p. 14 ) . The decentalisation of Islam would ensue into two chief religious orders ; the Sunni and Shia. Through the disclosures received by Muhammad. and divisions of the faith there is still common dogmas. To understand the faith wholly. an reading of the rules and features is in order. Dogmas of Islam Islam is a faith based on pluralism. It is believed that the absence of spiritual professionals in the faith led to emergence of several different religious orders. which practiced the religion otherwise. This historically. and common twenty-four hours. has led to challenge and competition among these different religious orders ( Omer. 2003. p. 122 ) . It seems the loan Islam demand is that every bookman construe the Qur’an in conformity with his or her historical background. This will take to a practical apprehension of the faith. One of import observation about the faith and its relationship with authorities is stated by the taking bookman. Omer ( 2003 ) . â€Å"Islamic divinity does non incorporate a comprehensive list of injunctions about the theory of political administration. The Qur’an lone references a figure of moral rules. which are relevant to political administration. and non about its cardinal rules and organisational structure† ( Omer. 2003. p. 108 ) . It has been noted that the Qur’an alludes to past societies and swayers. but focuses chiefly on how these swayers provided justness instead how they formatted the construction of political relations. Slightly similar to beliefs of Christianity and Judaism. parts of the Qur’an identify Acts of the Apostless of evildoing committed by former societies/rulers as evidences for devastation by God. Those who were merely swayers and obeyed God’s orders. were favored. Harmonizing to Omer ( 2003 ) . â€Å"Prophets like David and Solomon. who besides served as male monarchs. were the type of swayers who are praised in the Qur’an for moving rightly and pityingly towards their people† ( Omer. 2003 p. 108 ) . As celebrated above. the Qur’an is focused on the moral behaviour of societies instead the format of political relations. With this being said how would it associate to a democracy? To find any relation. the history of democracy should be examined for compatibility. History of Democracy Democracy comes from the Grecian word demokratia. intending â€Å"the people. † and kratein. intending â€Å"to rule† ( Strauss. 1994. p. 32 ) . The Grecian system of authorities was really near to being a true democracy. or regulation by the people. than any other state in history. Every male Athenian citizen was given a opportunity to play at least a little portion in self-determination ( Strauss. 1994. p. 33 ) . Roman democracy was similar to that of Greece. but non to same extent. The Roman authorities was a representative democracy. which had elected functionaries ( magistrates ) such as tribunes. the pretors. the consuls. the pro-consuls. etc. These persons acted for Rome. but did so on the advice of the Senate ( North. 1994. p. 39 ) . In 1215 AD. the Magna Carta opened the door to a more democratic system in England. Although its development wasn’t needfully intended to be a theoretical account for a democratic authorities. it had the interior workings to make a democratic authorities by. Created through an act of rebellion. the papers was solution to feudal administration. The Magna Carta contained some brawny clauses that in wining centuries evolved into anchor rules of democratic authorities and human rights ( Sharp. 2006. p. 28 ) . In 1628. England’s Petition of Rights stipulated that the King could no longer revenue enhancement without parliament’s permission and the 1689 Bill of Rights provided freedom of address and banned cruel or unusual penalty. These measures would hold an impact on Parliament by giving the people more right to show themselves. These old reforms may non hold made England a true democracy at the clip. but they did integrate democratic ideals that would be finally used to organize the authorities of the United States. With an apprehension of the beginnings of democracy. it’s of import to look at how the predominate faith in America relates to it. Christianity and Democracy Democracy development matched that of Christianity. dating back to the 3rd century to Aurelius Augustinus. who was really of import for conveying Grecian thought into Christianity. Augustinus. or Augustine of Hippo is a saint and well-renowned expert in the church. He’s besides known by Protestants as ascendant of Protestantism. Augustine purposes were to acquire Christians to acknowledge the differentiation between church and province. His work supported the thought of a incorporate Christian commonwealth organisation ( Maddox. 2002 p. 91 ) . A ulterior theologist. Jean Calvin. would construct upon what Augustine started. Jean Calvin would go a dominant spiritual figure through his widespread Protestant influence and Restoration of the church’s institutional construction ( Graham. 2002. p. 121 ) . Calvin influenced the authorities of Geneva to incorporate the official maps of church and restatement of natural jurisprudence. intending to function the involvements of God ’s kingdom ( Graham. 2002. p. 123 ) . His insisting on the separation of church and province led to the tem â€Å"Calvinism. † Calvinism referred to the opposition against the province to put down Torahs for faith. Calvinism would subsequently distribute to America. with a publicity of spiritual freedom -true dogmas of a democracy. Within the Christian tradition there are differences between Catholicism. Orthodox Christianity. and Protestantism. but all portion a common subject when it comes to Christianity and democracy. Minkenberg ( 2007 ) makes the remark that. â€Å"recent informations and cross-time comparings confirm that democracy’s roots are in states which are culturally shaped by Christianity† ( Minkenberg. 2007. p. 887 ) . Furthermore. it can be argued that Western civilisation offprints faith and the province as in conformity with the dogmas of a democracy. The separation is major subscriber to the freedom enjoyed by the Western Civilization ( Minkenberg. 2007. p. 893 ) . It’s hard to state whether faith should blend with the province. but understanding the steering rules of democracy may assist in replying this inquiry. Dogmas of Democracy Before comparing the relationship between Islam and democracy. a elucidation of democracy is in order. Democracy is accepted by political idea pupils as a agency of administration. prevailing in both traditional and modern societies ( Omer. 2003. p. 107 ) . The construct of democracy good known for its laterality in Western civilisation ( Giovani. 1987. p. 3 ) . Harmonizing to Giovani ( 1987 ) . democracy literally means â€Å"power of the people. † and that the power belongs to the people ( Giovani. 1987. p. 7 ) . The ill-famed values of democracy are human rights and autonomies. and authorities representatives chosen by the people. The basiss of a democracy are characterized by the procedure of election. the constitution of answerability systems and the execution of the regulation of jurisprudence ( Spicker. 2008. p. 252 ) . Principles. such as human rights and autonomies. must be in topographic point in order for a authorities to be genuinely labeled a democracy. This is includes periodic elections. constitutional authorities. bulk regulation. and handiness of the media ( Omer. 2003. p. 107 ) . Two major signifiers of democracy are direct or indirect. In a authorities based on direct democracy. determinations are taken by the whole organic structure of citizens. Indirect democracy is normally represented by a little group of citizens. who make determinations on behalf of the whole organic structure. Indirect democracy is normally more common. These dogmas are merely some of the demands for a authorities or society to earn the â€Å"democracy† label. Understanding the background of Islam and democracy is merely a start. To find whether they can coexist. a comparing is in order. Islamic Thought vs. the Keystones of a DemocracyCaliphate. emperorship and kingship types of authorities had a long history for Muslim societies. but were non built-in with Muslim beliefs. However. this was non needfully a urgent issue for Islam ( Omer. 2003. p. 106 ) . Harmonizing to Omer ( 2003 ) . the five major spiritual beliefs in the universe ( Christianity. Confucianism. Buddhism. Judaism and Islam ) . Islam has been furthest from democracy ( Omer. 2003. p. 106 ) . Loyalty to the household and to the folk does non aline with the rules of democratic authorities. where as the bulk regulation ( Ben-Meir. 2006. p. 84 ) . Even today. most Muslim states are governed by non-democratic governments. Some of these governments have constructed autocratic constructions under the absolute regulation of a cult leader. a party leader. or a male monarch. These types of authoritiess do non set peoples’ rights as a precedence to running the state. Whereas. The most cardinal values of democracy are human rights and autonomies. Omer ( 2003 ) states that â€Å"it has been apparent that democracy. among its options. is the alone signifier of authorities that strives to vouch the rights of all minorities and persons on the footing of the regulation of law† ( Omer. 2003. p. 107 ) . Even though there are differences between Islamic and democratic idea. there is hope. India’s success at set uping democracy in respects to its nation’s faiths. is testament that Islam and democracy can blend. This leads to the really of import inquiry: can a democracy return clasp in Iraq. sing the Islamic beliefs of the state? Can Democracy Take Hold in an Islamic Iraq? On one manus ; extremist Islamic attacks or reactive motions. seem to reject everything that comes from the West. This attitude can belie the societal footing of seeking to do democracy in a Muslim state work ( Omer. 2003. p. 132 ) . Another issue for the Iraqi people is the political orientation of political Islamism. The faith is non needfully open to the nucleus values and patterns of democracy. viz. pluralism and power-sharing ( Tibi. 2009. p. 136 ) . On the other manus ; it seems after the remotion of Saddam. faith has become a new credo for opposition against foreign presence. Islam is one time once more being promoted as an across-the-board facet of life for the Iraqi people. Harmonizing to Milton-Edwards ( 2006 ) . â€Å"there is now an attempt to procure the individuality of the society – including the province – on the footing of faith† ( Milton-Edwards. 2006. p. 473 ) . Some intellectuals have concentrated on the rebuttal inherent in Muslim fundamental ist statements against democracy. One of the writers of this discourse. Abdel Karim Soroush. proclaimed that rules of democracy remain compatible with Islam ( as cited in Milton-Edwards. 2006 ) . It seems that the Iraq Muslims need to understand the dogmas of a democratic civilisation in order for it to be successful. Clearly. democratic ideals are most in melody with the dogmas of Islam. non the autocratic political constructions predominating in some states environing Iraq. The system of rights and autonomies under a democracy may non stand a opportunity without the support of the Islam faithful. This is supported by professor Milton-Edward’s mention. † because of this there is a widespread belief that in Iraq Islam is an inhibitor to the development of democracy in a post-authoritarian. post-war. post-occupation province. My statement here. nevertheless. is that without Islam the development of the Iraqi civil order in footings of both province and state will be stunted. unreal and limited in footings of the development of democratic governance† ( Milton-Edward. 2006 ) . Iraq can change over to a democracy. but Islam needs to play an of import portion in this transition. Decision Instilling democracy in a Muslim society can be a immense hurdle to get the better of. The representative characteristics of a democratic authorities may non needfully aline with the spiritual. norms of a Muslim society. Looking at the history of Iraq and Islam and comparing it to the history of a democracy. it seems the comparing is black and white. Further comparing of the dogmas of Islam and democracy reveal few similarities. This diffence was highlighted by the many beginnings researching the relationship of a democracy in a Muslim society. Islam contains moral rules refering values that determine the way of societal life. With this being said. it can be argued that these moral rules are more compatible with a democratic than a nondemocratic government. Democracy and its dogmas did non happen quickly and the same can be said for Islam. This means the freeze of a democratic signifier of authorities in Iraq is traveling to take clip. However. in my sentiment. I believe it could be rather plausible. The footing of Islam is on moral behaviour of societies instead than the format of political relations. as noted above by Dr. Omer. I agree with this impression. as it implies a separation of the province and the faith. Democracy’s publicity of human rights and autonomies and its alliance with Christianity. portions similar nucleus beliefs as Islam. In stoping. we can merely trust there is credence of democracy in an Islamic Iraq. and that one twenty-four hours all Iraqi citizens will bask the same freedoms as other democratic states. Mentions Ben-Meir. A. ( 2006 ) . Challenges to democracy in the Arab and Muslim universe. Options:Turkish Journal to International Relations. 5. ( 1 A ; 2 ) . 82-91. Boyd. H. ( 2003 ) . Iraq’s troubled history. The New York Amsterdam News. 94 ( 13 ) . 4. Giovinni. S. ( 1987 ) . The theory of democracy revisited. [ Part 1 ] . [ The Contemporary Argument ] . Chatham House. Chatham. N. J. 8.Gregorian. V. ( 2003 ) . Muslimism: A mosaic. non a monolith. Brookings Institution Press.Washington. D. C. 5-14.Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. netlibrary. com. Yosemite. wbu. edu/Reader/ Maddox. G. ( 2002 ) . Religion and the rise of democracy. Ebsco Publishing. London ; New YorkRoutledge. 91. 121-123.Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. netlibrary. com. Yosemite. wbu. edu/Reader/ Milton-Edwards. B. ( 2006 ) Faith in Democracy: Islamization of the Iraqi Polity after Saddam Hussein. Democratization. 13. ( 3 ) . 472–489. Milton-Edwards. B. ( 2006 ) â€Å"Conversation with Abdol Karim Soroush. † Intellectuals: The Powerless Wielders of Power. Minkenberg. M. ( 2007 ) . Democracy and Religion: Theoretical and Empirical Observations on the Relationship between Christianity. Islam and Liberal Democracy. Journal ofCultural and Migration Studies. 33. ( 6 ) . 887. North. J. ( 1994 ) . Democracy in Rom e. History Today. 44. ( 3 ) . 39. Omer. C. ( 2003 ) . Islam and Democracy: A Theoretical Discussion on the Compatibility of Islam and Democracy. Options: Turkish Journal to International Relations. 2. ( 3 A ; 4 ) . 108. 122.Sharp. C. ( 2006 ) . Magna Carta. British Heritage. 27. ( 3 ) . 28. Spicker. P. ( 2008 ) . Government for the people: the substantial elements of democracy.International Journal of Social Welfare. 17. 252.Strauss. B. ( 1994 ) . American democracy through ancient Grecian eyes. History Today. 44. ( 4 ) . 32. Tibi. B. ( 2009 ) Islamism and Democracy: On the Compatibility of Institutional Islamism and thePolitical Culture of Democracy. Totalitarian Motions and Political Religions. 10. ( 2 ) .135–164.William. S. ( 2000 ) . Irak: Old Land. New Nation in Conflict. Twenty-first Century Books.Brookfield. Conn. 39-40. 91.Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. netlibrary. com. Yosemite. wbu. edu/Reader/

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Us Foreign Policy With Respect To Iraq Essay During the immediate post 911 period, President George W. Bush spent ample time addressing the United States and the world on the need to pursue and install democracy in Middle East as a long term strategy to winning the war against terror. This came in the wake of the events of the September 11th terror attack that left America shaken to its core. Such address by President Bush clearly defines in a summary the contemporary US foreign policy on Iraq. This paper will inadvertently analyze the foreign policy of the United States on Iraq. It will look at the motivation behind such policy, its achievement and the criticism that such a policy has attracted. Iraq has been a core subject in the United States foreign policy of long to an extent that it has been instrumental in shaping domestic and global politics. The nature of the United States foreign policy on Iraq is a reflection of the relationship that these two nations and the kind of the interaction that there leaders have been having. A look at the past decades of this relationship reveals that it has been full of conflicts and hostility, with the United States being the dominant player and Iraq, despite its immense resources, being on the receiving end although in defiance. The events that have shaped this modern foreign policy began taking shape in the 1980s. In the 1980s, Iraq was under the tutelage of the United States, benefiting from immense economic aid and also non-direct military support. By the time of the Iran-Iraq war, the United States did not issue sanctions despite Iraq’s bombing of the Kurds; instead it resulted to appeasing the then Iraq leader Saddam Hussein and intervening on his behalf. This relationship soured in the early 1990s after Iraq forces invaded and began an occupation in Kuwait citing unpaid up debts and oil feud. With the takeover highly condemned by the United Nations, the United States moved in with speed by sending its troops to the region signifying the commence of the Operation Desert Storm aimed at dislodging Iraq from Kuwait. Allied forces led by the United States liberated Kuwait and enforced a United Security Council resolution to dismantle all the held weapons of mass destruction by Iraq through an operation by the United Nations Monitors. The United States in a bid to extend its presence and occupation erected what came to be known as the â€Å"no-fly zones† heavily putting a stiff restriction on Iraq’s sense of sovereignty. This would indicate the start of a conflict that has by far come to shape today’s United States foreign policy in Iraq and by extension in the Middle East (Chollet, D. and James G. , 2008, 33). The United States since the end of the Operation Desert Storm has maintained its presence unleashing a series of air strikes towards Iraq. As a formal protest towards this transgression, Iraq began restricting the presence of the United Nations weapons inspectors terming them as a part of a larger espionage effort by the United States. Air strikes to this region have become a common event since 1993 by both the British and the United States forces. In a policy that has been sanctioned and appropriately defended by the successive American regimes, the United States has taken over the air space and heavily patrolled Iraq’s naval bases during Saddam’s regime to restrict any movements or any aggression towards Iraq’s neighbors. The United States took an active role in enforcing the sanctions as placed by the Security Council of which it is a key member possessing veto powers. Such sanctions were put in the hope that the hardships experienced would have a resultant effect of producing negative sentiments against Saddam’s rule. They were counter productive though as they strengthened Saddam’s resolve towards his stand in Iraq. One of the negative sides to the US supported sanction was that they only affected the citizens but not the ruling elite, while producing a generation that was anti-United States (Glenn P. ,2003, 58). The focus of the United State foreign policy as can be obviously discerned has been influenced by two things; terrorism and the first Gulf war. It is important to note that those that have largely supported the United States policy on Iraq have seen it as a necessary measure to â€Å"free up the Middle East military for further actions against Al Qaeda, to liberate the Iraqis people from their danger and establish, â€Å"a bunch bed of Arab democracy† (Richard A and Howard F. , 2004, 69). Such arguments have been widely criticized and indeed the United States foreign policy in Iraq has continued to draw mixed controversies with those in support of it being seen as pro war. There are those that see the United States policy as motivated by self interests and oil needs believing that if successful, such a foreign policy â€Å"would prompt US and multinational petroleum giants to rush into Iraq, dramatically increasing the out put of a nation whose oil reserves are second only to that of Saudi Arabia â€Å". (Nafeez M. , 2003, 234). Such sentiments have become prevalent in view of the raging debate over a foreign policy that has led the United States to be on a war path with the rest of the world. Most people in the world did not see the essence of the United States invasion. Polls taken prior to the commencement of the war had indicated that they did not favor the invasion which they did not see as justified. This would explain why the international community, the likes Russia, China and France failed to support the war, at the backdrop of the growing negative sentiment at home. The United States and the United Kingdom were alone in this war (Robert J. P. , 2005, 23). It is important though in the same light to analyze Presidents Bush’s fears over the possibility of Iraq harboring terrorists and the presence of weapons of mass destruction. As aforementioned, terrorism and the Gulf War of the early 1990 have had a significant impact on the structure of the current foreign policy towards Iraq. The United States during the Iran/Iraq was as history holds it, playing a crucial role in arming Iraq and probably turned a blind eye as Saddam Hussein stockpiled dangerous arsenals in readiness for an aggression with Iran. By then, the relations between the US and Iraq were what can be described as cordial with the United states hoping to use Iraq to contain the extremities characterizing Iran. Through this appeasement, Saddam Hussein was becoming dictatorial figure with little concern from the United States. The Kuwait invasion changed all this. With the search for weapons of mass destruction being in the fore several years after the Gulf War, President George W. Bush saw a perfect opportunity to invade Iraq citing the former’s reluctance to allow the search by the United Nations weapons inspectors. Since then, reference to the WMDs became an important tool in the formulation of foreign policy and in drumming up support for the war at home. The reluctance of the United Nations to sanction a strike against Iraq prompted the United States to near unilaterally take the matter into its own hands and wage war against Iraq. Capturing and hanging Saddam Hussein tragically ending decades’ long rule. The demise of Saddam and the fall of his regime would bring another key phase to the United States foreign policy, centering on how to contain the warning factors and maintain peace (Thomas E. Ricks, 2006, 54). Whether the terrorist attack by al Qaeda on September 11th prompted the renewed vigor in the foreign policy or it was a mere excuse to end Saddam’s rule is not clear. What is clear is that, the events of 911 prompted a radical shift in the policy of United States towards Iraq (Thomas G. et al, 2003, 86). The United States has been for long grappling with terrorism and maintains a huge list of suspected terrorist organization as well as nations that have links with such terrorist groups, either those that provide them with financial support or operation bases. The al Qaeda tops this list followed by other terrorist organizations from the Middle East. Indeed the nature of us foreign policy towards Middle East is structured in a way that insinuates that it regards the Middle East as the hot bed of terrorism. A visibly angry President Bush in the wake of the terror attacks warned that â€Å"states that harbor terrorists would be subject to military action† further warning the rogue states that in his Bush Doctrine, â€Å"either you are with us or you are with the terrorists† (Harvey W. , 2003,401). This was the vague link that was being used by Bush’s administration in the bid to garner domestic support for a war that proved afterwards to be grossly unpopular. Indeed, a huge portion of the Americas current foreign policy towards Iraq was influenced by this attack. President Bush exhibited an unrestrained impulse to install a new regime in Iraq and hence the excuse of the terror attack was a prefect opportunity. Bush’s administration had gained a lot of support both domestic and international in the war against terror especially directed towards al Qaeda in Afghanistan. The Afghanistan war commenced immediately after the 911 strike and was unanimously sanctioned by the congress. This was done in the belief that al Qaeda had formed a base in the mountainous region of Afghanistan. By extension, President George W. Bush believed that the existence of an unfriendly regime in Iraq would exacerbate the war against terror. The initial claims by the Bush administration that Saddam was harboring and aiding terrorists could not hold water. The reasons for the attack are still unclear, as Stefan H and Jonathan C (2005, 155) notes â€Å"weapons of mass destruction links with al-Qaeda, human rights abuses covered a wide and ever changing kaleidoscope†. This is because the claims on the presence of weapons of mass destruction â€Å"have been largely discredited and is retrospectively seen as a politically convenient pretext† (155) Indeed the general feeling is that the main reason for this war revolved around oil. It is worth noting that the United States foreign policy took a new turn after the toppling of Saddam Hussein. The United State had commenced a war without the proper authorization and sanctioning by the United States. With Saddam gone, the war had to be legitimized by installing a democratically elected government. Iraq conducted elections towards the beginning of 2005 under the watch of the United States military. Many argue however that such elections were used to disguise the huge discontent characterizing the Iraqis population with the hope of showing how united they were. History is rife with such examples where elections have been used to show national unity in the face of a brewing conflict underneath. With the rubberstamp of the United Nations, through the passage of resolution to oversee the elections, the United States had set the terms and conditions of the elections and was keen eyed to ensure that its candidate of choice emerged the winner. The Transitional Administrative Law which is playing a huge role in the governing process of the Iraq’s government, has given the United States a clear mandate, though defacto, to control Iraq. The post Iraq policy has been facing a number of challenges which mostly have been centering on the waging ethnicity in Iraq. Anna Mulrine (2008) identifies four challenges that are being encountered in the post war policy towards Iraq. The first one is the local militias. The United States has commenced a program that seeks to integrate the local militias into the police force to take advantage of their basic training and loyalty to the government especially the Sunni citizens. This fact however is exacerbated by the fact that these militias owe divided loyalty to both the government and to the insurgents. The rebuilding of Iraq is also hampered by the reduction of US forces in Iraq. There are plans to slash the number of US Army in Iraq due to the domestic opposition to surge at home. This creates a problem because the general feeling is that the Iraq police are too biased to be left to implement the reconstruction policies alone (Condoleeza R. , 2008, 52). The success of the United States foreign policy towards Iraq has not been largely seen by many especially in the knowledge that the war in Iraq had been largely criticized. Any success garnered so far is overshadowed by the intense criticism and the news of the numerous deaths and attacks suffered by the United States soldiers in a foreign land (Robert J. P. , 2005, 67). Most protagonists of war identify the toppling of Saddam and his consequent hanging as a major step towards democratization. In the words of President Bush, his toppling was a signal to all dictators that their numbers are numbered. The aim of the war was to make the world a safer place and secure American interests. This however is yet to be achieved as the war against terrorism is far from won. The recent elections and the setting up of a government however may be seen as a success to such policies but the war is yet to be over considering the huge insecurity charactering major towns in Iraq. United States soldiers are being killed daily and cases of suicide attacks are common, an indication that this war is far from over (Allawi, Ali, 2007, 46). The United States foreign policy has been largely criticized both domestically and internationally. Most of these criticism centers on the military intervention and the justification behind such intervention. Bush administration had misrepresented information on the urgency of the war due to the presence of weapons of mass destruction. This proved to be exercise in futility as the weapons were never found. The United States decided to take unilateral steps despite there being no evidence to indicate that indeed Iraq possessed WMDs. The links to terrorist could also not be established indicating that the evidence was largely manipulated. The fact that the US invaded Iraq without a proper mandate from the United Nations has also drawn criticism as it was in violation of the resolution 678 which was passed at the height of the Gulf War. Bush’s immense criticism was emanating from the public which led to the decline of the governments approval ratings to below thirty percent making president Bush the most unpopular president to be in office. International criticism centers on the unilateralism of America and also using democracy and terrorism as a disguise to the pursuits to secure oil resources in Iraq. It is apparent that the United States and Iraq have not been enjoying the best of relations in the past years. To Americans since the gulf war in the early 1990s, Iraq was the biggest threat to the world’s security as long as Saddam Hussein was on the driving seat. The United States foreign policy had been structured to reflect this. It is this suspicion that would lead the Bush administration to invade Iraq, topple and hang the despotic leader in the bid to install a democratic government in one of the most defiant nation in the Middle East. President Bush used lies and manipulation of evidence to initiate a war that has lead to the down fall of his presidency. The United States effort to install a democratic government and curb insecurity is yet to materialize as it is facing a myriad of challenges in addition to the growing criticism back at home. Crucial concern now to the United States foreign policy on Iraq is how to maintain peace and stability in a volatile country so as to implement the set program towards reconstruction. Bibliography Richard A. Falk, Howard Friel, 2004. 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Thomas George Weiss, Margaret E. Crahan, John Goering, 2004. Wars on Terrorism and Iraq: Human Rights, Unilateralism, and U. S. Foreign Policy. Routledge Thomas E. Ricks, 2006. Fiasco, The American Military Adventure In Iraq. Penguin. Chollet, Derek and James Goldgeier, 2008. America Between the Wars. Public Affairs, Perseus Books Group Allawi, A. , 2007. The Occupation of Iraq: Winning the War, Losing the Peace, New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.